Home;. on PG&E and Dixie settlement. Delta Air Lines is facing a lawsuit over its $1bn carbon neutrality claim which plaintiffs say is “false and misleading” as it relies on offsets. Tasigna lawsuits for Florida residents will not be class action lawsuits in which those who file a claim can expect only a small, symbolic settlement. The Elmiron lawsuit is a type of lawsuit called a Mass Tort Lawsuit. , plaintiffs say AstraZeneca deceptively. Atherosclerosis and peripheral artery disease are not the only complications associated with Tasigna chemotherapy. Shampoo Lawsuit. You can also split open Tasigna capsules and mix the contents with 1 teaspoon of applesauce. The Enron class-action lawsuit was also one of the biggest in history, with around 1. EDT. These types of mass torts are typically only created when there are a significant number of people who experience side effects that were not adequately disclosed in the prescription drug label . The CML drug Tasigna was linked to atherosclerosis in a study published in American Journal of Hematology. May 1, 2023 - FDA recalled contaminated Enfamil baby formula months after it was recalled. Have you taken Tasigna for CML and later suffered from serious side effects? You may be able to pursue litigation. Toyota will pay $60 million to settle a U. Anyone who used Zantac or ranitidine may be eligible to join. , plaintiffs say AstraZeneca deceptively marketed Nexium as a superior acid reflux treatment. many of the Chantix lawsuits appear to have been consolidated into a class-action lawsuit. Legal News . TRESemmé Shampoo Lawsuit. Tasigna Heart Problems and Atherosclerosis – File Your Claim Here Today. While it is more effective than Novartis’ other drug Gleevec, Tasigna has more side effects, including prolongation of the QT interval and sudden death. We are handling individual litigation nationwide and currently accepting new atherosclerosis cases in all 50 states. TRENTON, N. . Prilosec Lawsuit. Following the FDA's warning concerning statins side effects in 2012, Lipitor lawsuits quickly grew in numbers. Lotrimin & Tinactin Lawsuit. MCL No. All Categories. Español; International News. A Tasigna stroke lawsuit against Novartis AG, alleging that the pharmaceutical company’s leukemia medication caused a Florida man to suffer a stroke was allowed to proceed in court. Patients undergoing treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia may be at risk for Tasigna atherosclerosis, according to the FDA. Belviq Cancer. However, it is highly possible that the lawsuits will be. In 2015, the pharmaceutical giant agreed to pay 0 million to settle a civil fraud. In 2013, AtraZeneca settled one Massachusetts class action lawsuit before trial. A number of different serious side effects have come to light in relation to a popular cancer treatment known as Tasigna. The class action lawsuit cites certain Illinois consumer protection violations, as well as common law fraud as a result of labeling certain Reynolds' Hefty Bags and Great Value bags as "recycling". 3M to begin court-ordered settlement talks over military earplugs, following lawsuits by thousands of soldiers. Read More →. HAVE YOU BEEN AFFECTED BY THE DRUG TASIGNA? You may be eligible for the Tasigna class action lawsuit! The Tasigna lawsuit being filed against Novartis focus on a specific number of serious complications that have been identified through medical studies of the drug. In Commonwealth Care Alliance, et al. D. R. An MDL (mass torts are usually filed as MDLs) is a consolidation of different lawsuits for purposes of efficiency. Osteoporosis drug maker under fire WASHINGTON, D. English. Those who purchased a chicken product in the U. English. However, it is highly possible that the lawsuits will be. Belviq Cancer. January 2, 2023 6:28 am. Pfizer agreed to pay $330 million to settle more than 2,200 lawsuits. Legal News . D. Take Action . March 1, 2023 - Six counts are being brought against Enfamil's manufacturer. Houston, Texas – Yet another lawsuit has been brought against Uber by a woman who says she was sexually assaulted by her male driver during a late-night ride. A Florida man’s lawsuit against Novartis AG, alleging the pharmaceutical company’s leukemia medication Tasigna caused him to suffer a stroke, was permitted to. It is one of the most well-known cancer drugs worldwide and is the brand name for nilotinib. Belviq Cancer. Tasigna Lawsuit FAQs. alevelenglish. In 2014, C. Taxotere Lawsuit. Take Action . Consumer News; Rebates; Industry & Trade; Labor. Federal Lipitor Lawsuits (MDL 2502)A drug used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may be a cause of atherosclerosis in some patients. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy drug Tasigna is used for chronic myeloid leukemia, but studies show that it could cause peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The Class Action Litigation Group at our law firm is an experienced team of trial lawyers that focus on the representation of plaintiffs in Tasigna lawsuits. On the contrary, lawyers handling Tasigna lawsuits believe persons and family members of persons who have suffered from atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, amputation, or other severe Tasigna side. Bonita Springs, FL 34134. S. Posted: November 11, 2016. Numerous Tasigna lawsuits have already been filed against Novartis, and a new “ class-action ” MDL has been established to combine the Tasigna lawsuits. 10 Class-Action Settlements That Could You Get Free Money. Nexium Lawsuit. Consumer News; Rebates; Industry & Trade; Labor. What Are the Expected Settlement Amounts for Tasigna Lawsuits Authored by: Katy Moncivais, Ph. According to the settlement terms, each company would pay $387. The companies with the most recalls have also faced significant numbers of lawsuits: Zimmer - 355 recalls. Marcio Jose Sanchez/AP. Buena Vista Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California#History. NYSE:PFE) and Eli Lilly and Company (NYSE:LLY) today how to buy tasigna in usa announced changes to the purchase agreements with the U. Pradaxa patients have filed 4,000+ lawsuits against Boehringer Ingelheim. 9 million settlement to resolve a class action lawsuit claiming Bed Tech bed frames are defective and dangerous. Families have already filed lawsuits for injury or death related to Tasigna atherosclerosis. Lotrimin & Tinactin Lawsuit. If you had artery disease or atherosclerosis from Tasigna, contact our lawyers for lawsuit info at (866) 920-0753. Tasigna May Cause Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Arterial Disease, and Limb Amputations What is Tasigna? Tasigna is a capsulated medication manufactured by the pharmaceutical company, Novartis. Tasigna Lawsuit. Mass Tort Lawsuits. Geiser is one of three similar class… Continue Reading RBGG. News; Canada News; User Login; Lawsuits & Settlements. Bard faced a class action lawsuit against the Kugel hernia mesh patch, which led to the company paying out hundreds of millions of dollars in settlements. 63 billions in lawsuits over earplugs. Stay informed about the products you use, so you can file a lawsuit in the event of physical, emotional, or financial injury. 7 billion in subprime private student loan balances owed by more than 66,000 borrowers nationwide. account. August 11, 2022: Science Day in CPAP Class Action Lawsuit. Parker Waichman LLP. These types of mass torts are typically only created when there are a significant number of people who experience side effects that were not adequately disclosed in the prescription drug label . Patients who have received certain chemotherapy treatments to treat chronic myeloid leukemia are at risk of developing Tasigna atherosclerosis. Following a single dose of Tasigna 200 mg (0. Our lawyers handling New Mexico Tasigna claims believe persons and family members of persons who have suffered from atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, amputation, or other severe. Tasigna Lawsuit A Tasigna lawsuit may be an option for people who were treated with the drug and suffered serious adverse health consequences. P. Thickening arterial walls narrow the channel and limit the blood flow, a condition known as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). doctors of the adverse health risks. Class action investigators are currently evaluating claims of Tasigna atherosclerosis, to determine if any of them are eligible for litigation. Kroger Co. However, VPPA class action lawsuit lawyers can cite a very specific figure in this case – $2500 per claimant. Demandas y acuerdos. Many individual talc. Facebook parent company Meta has agreed to pay $725 million to settle a class-action lawsuit claiming it improperly shared users' information with Cambridge Analytica, a. Tasigna lawsuit attorneys are doubtful that a class action will be certified for patients who are adversely affected by the drug. We’re happy to review your information to let you know if you. A Class Action most often involves everybody being treated equally as each claimant is affected in the same way, and typically receive a small amount of money or reward. An MDL is different from class action lawsuits because combining the. R. Women may stop having menstrual periods. Contact our New York office - Parker Waichman LLP, dedicated to defending injury victims. We’re dedicated to helping people and will advocate for fair compensation for your injuries through a Tasigna class-action lawsuit or individual action. There is a newly created Tasigna multi-district litigation (MDL) for those Tasigna drug injury lawsuits filed in the federal court system. 2 billion. If you bought or leased certain 2006–2021 model year Kia vehicles, you may benefit from a class action settlement. Lotrimin & Tinactin Lawsuit. S. Plexxikon is an American company involved in the. In 2017, multiple hernia mesh class action lawsuits were brought against Johnson & Johnson, Atrium, and other manufacturers, though the outcomes remain to be. While one particular class. Prilosec Lawsuit. S. Spray foam insulation lawsuits will not be class action lawsuits in which those who file a claim can expect only a small, symbolic settlement. Editor. A class action lawsuit can allow financial recovery for those who may be unable to pursue compensation by filing a lawsuit alone. 271 (New Jersey Accutane Lawsuits) Most Accutane lawsuits were handled in the state court. , and are recalling owners to park their cars outside because of the danger of fires in the engine compartment. is the target of two class-action lawsuits filed by online pharmacy customers accusing it of improperly sharing health information. 5 billion settlement with American women over their horrific experiences with its contraceptive implant Essure device. A. Tasigna lawsuits for California residents will not be class action lawsuits in which those who file a claim can expect only a small, symbolic settlement. Evidence is growing that Tasigna, a drug to fight cancer, is linked to atherosclerosis. July 1, 2023 -. v. dark urine. 4-fold, and 1. December 1, 2022 - Bayer pharmaceutical agreed to a $2. Several class action lawsuits have been filed against tobacco manufacturers claiming that the companies knowingly sold the products and concealed the hazards associated with them. DUI Lawyer Support. For a free (no obligation) case evaluation fill out a contact form online or call us toll free at 1-800-992-6878. When clostridium difficile takes over the toxins attack. Shampoo Lawsuit. In 2015, Novartis paid a $390 million settlement to the U. of the Wright hip replacement lawsuits were settled in two different settlements: November 2016 - $240 million settlement to resolve 1,292 lawsuits. The plaintiffs are seeking nationwide class-action status and triple damage under U. The cancer drug Tasigna can cause a severe medical condition known as atherosclerosis, which can lead to life-threatening complications. GlaxoSmithKline PLC has agreed to pay $63. It may be the largest number of claims ever filed in a U. The lead claimant or claimants—people bringing the lawsuit—will generally receive the highest. We are handling individual litigation nationwide and currently accepting new atherosclerosis cases in all 50 states. The proposed class action lawsuit outlined on this page was voluntarily dismissed with prejudice by the plaintiff on February 10, 2023. Users also reported issues with compulsive shopping and sex. Our lawyers handling Florida Tasigna claims believe persons and family members of persons who have suffered from atherosclerosis, peripheral arterial disease, amputation, or other severe Tasigna. Legal News . Call Today for a FREE Confidential Case Review Toll-Free 24/7 (866) 920-0753. Congratulations to everyone who filed a claim and got paid! EDITOR’S NOTE: This content has been sponsored and edited for clarity in collaboration with the sponsor. S. Abilify Lawsuit. The approximate share of this settlement was ,600 per plaintiff Tasigna lawsuit settlement. Keller Williams Realty came a-cold calling. In March 2016, a Tasigna lawsuit was filed in the U. MGM Resorts International. Under the terms of the settlement, class members can receive an equal share of the net settlement fund. Patients who have undergone Tasigna chemotherapy may be at risk for certain cardiovascular conditions which can cause lower limb amputation or death. Consumer News; Rebates; Industry. While one particular class action lawsuit was thrown out of the Florida Supreme Court in 2006, other suits have been filed on behalf of cigarette smokers. from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2020 may be eligible to claim a payment in a $181 million class action lawsuit involving several. This Tasigna lawsuit concerned the wrongful death in 2014 of a CML sufferer that succumbed to complications arising from constricted arterial blood flow. Synchrony hasn’t admitted any wrongdoing but agreed to a $2. Lotrimin & Tinactin Lawsuit. In this context, the term injuries can refer to actual, physical injury, as well as damage to one’s property, reputation. Is There a Class Action? Get a Free Tasigna Lawsuit Evaluation With Our Lawyers; Published by C. File a Dangerous Drug Lawsuit. Medically Fact Checked. Please contact us NOW at (773) 373-2375 to learn more about your legal options for justice and compensation. Novartis is well accustomed to being in court, and that includes a huge $345 million fine handed down in 2020 to resolve issues relating to. This class action settlement is paying out $16. Legal News . As of March 2019, more than 6,700 Risperdal lawsuits had been filed in the Philadelphia Complex Litigation Center (CLC), a special Pennsylvania State court designed to handle large-scale civil trials (also known as mass torts). Mass Tort Lawsuits. The plaintiffs claim that they would not have purchased these products if they had known the associated dangers. Consumer News; Rebates; Industry. Treatment with the drug Tasigna is sometimes recommended. L. All Categories. Indivior agreed to a $30 million antitrust class action lawsuit settlement to resolve claims that it worked with other companies to raise the cost of Suboxone, an opioid addiction treatment. Subsequently, the family of a California man who died of atherosclerosis related symptoms decided to file a lawsuit against Novartis in March 2016, alleging that the company’s U. Lipitor Lawsuit History. 23, 2023. A Tasigna class-action MDL is consolidated in Florida. Where: The Verizon class action lawsuit was filed in New Jersey federal court. Tasigna manufacturers face legal action over allegations that the chemotherapy drug can cause cardiovascular problems such as peripheral arterial disease. Our lawyers handling Virginia Beach Tasigna claims believe persons and family members of persons who have suffered from atherosclerosis. However, to date no one has organized cases into one single Tasigna class action lawsuit. Roundup is a weedkiller made of glyphosate. A class action lawsuit was filed accusing MI Windows and Doors of, among other things, negligence in the manufacturing and marketing of these single hung windows. (973) 323-3603. Tasigna Class Action Lawsuit. District Court for the Southern District of California against RealPage and some of the largest property management firms in the country, alleging antitrust violations under the Sherman Act. The majority of these transvaginal mesh lawsuits have been settled. Then in 2015, the U. If you or a loved one used Tasigna for cancer treatment and subsequently developed atherosclerosis, contact our firm today for your free consultation by filling out our online form or calling. No class action lawsuits against Accutane have been filed. The class action lawsuit also claims the company deliberately falsified documents and concealed information indicating that glyphosate is dangerous to humans and. TRESemmé Shampoo Lawsuit. Tasigna comes as an oral capsule that you’ll swallow. If you or a loved. S. Abilify lawsuits claim manufacturers did not warn patients of serious side effects. In 2014, C. Tesla’s Full Self-Driving technology may be a failure, Tesla lawyers admit — but it’s not a fraud. The manufacturers of Prilosec and Nexium face many of these lawsuits. Johnson & Johnson Lawsuits Every Person Should Know About. Now, they owe $40 million. There are more lawsuits pending in state court in New Jersey. class. Class action lawsuits are found in every state, but states like California, New York, Florida, New Jersey and Texas tend to have the highest number of class action complaints filed in America. Learn. A growing number of patients are turning to litigation, alleging that Novartis failed to adequately warn about the link between Tasigna and atherosclerosis. A total of $95 million in restitution payments of about $260 each will be distributed to. The Houston personal injury attorneys at Reich & Binstock are here to represent class action plaintiffs and help them seek justice for the negligence of large corporations. This is usually the case when a large number of claimants have an (almost). This condition occurs when the arteries harden or narrow in some way. According to an antitrust class action lawsuit, JBS and Smithfield worked with several other companies to artificially inflate the price of. GlaxoSmithKline agreed to pay $460 million to settle 10,000 lawsuits. The lawsuits, filed in New. British American Tobacco#Canadian class action lawsuit . (Similac 360 Total Care, Similac 360 Total Care Sensitive, Similac Special Care 24, Similac Pro-Total Comfort & Similac NeoSure). The earliest CLC cases were filed in 2010, and a large group of older cases were settled in 2013. Pending Class Action Settlements; Open Lawsuits; Legal News. Consumer News;. Noticias del Reino Unido;Tasigna lawsuits for New Mexico residents will not be class action lawsuits in which those who file a claim can expect only a small, symbolic settlement. Consumers who took the prescription drug for birth control said they experienced blood clots. Amazon. However, if you bought this product or a similar product within the last three years and are. In a class-action lawsuit, the plaintiffs are grouped together as one with the same grievance. Tasigna Lawsuit. v. The Texas Tasigna lawsuit FAQs page will cover information relevant to most general Texas Tasigna lawsuit questions. A class action lawsuit is a type of lawsuit that involves a group, or “class” of people pursuing legal recourse for identical or similar injuries caused by a harmful or otherwise unlawful product, service, or action. Are you looking for a best Tasigna atherosclerosis attorney? Please call us NOW at (773) 906-4833 to learn more about your compensation. A class action investigation has been launched after different studies find a troubling correlation between Tasigna medication and atherosclerosis. Tasigna lawsuits for Missouri residents will not be class action lawsuits in which those who file a claim can expect only a small, symbolic settlement. Lawsuits by Brand; Start a Class Action; acuerdos abiertos de demanda colectiva; acuerdos de demanda colectiva pendientes; pleitos abiertos; noticias legales. To speak about your circumstances in detail, contact our firm. The hope is that for a settlement in the Tasigna lawsuits Novartis after discovery is completed in these cases. To discuss your situation in detail, please contact our firm. Tasigna Lawsuits Are Not Class Action Lawsuits. AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals L. We are currently investigating Tasigna side effects cases as possible Tasigna drug injury lawsuits against Novartis for patients who have developed some serious medical conditions during their use of Tasigna. “We are challenging the legality of GitHub Copilot,” said programmer and lawyer Matthew Butterick, who filed the lawsuit with the help of the San Francisco-based Joseph Saveri Law Firm. Food and Drug Administration regarding the osteoporosis drug Prolia (denosumab). The hope is for a settlement in the Tasigna lawsuits Novartis after discovery is completed in these cases. Mike Schmidt. Nov 21, 2023. Tasigna. Bougainville Copper#US lawsuit. DePuy - 346 recalls. Smith & Nephew - 139 recalls. However, some cases are still pending. The most important Essure lawsuit update is arguably the settlement agreement for Bayer to pay $1. Tasigna lawsuits for California residents will not be class action lawsuits in which those who file a claim can expect only a small, symbolic settlement. To schedule your free consultation with us, please call our office at 713-622-7271 today. Currently, there are no class action lawsuits, but people may file individual injury cases. We’re dedicated to helping people and will advocate for fair compensation for your injuries through a Tasigna class-action lawsuit or individual action. NEW YORK, Jan. Department of Justice for allegedly promoting Tasigna without adequate warnings about side effects. FREE Injury Claim Review: (800) 729-1232 | Consumer injury lawsuit. More often, though, a product defect lawsuit like Tasigna would be filed as an individual case and then consolidated into a multi-district case where a team of Plaintiff lawyers work together to fight the drug maker. Posted: November 11, 2016. Manufacturers faced more than 7,800 lawsuits, paying $200 million in settlements thus far, with thousands more pending. 7 million Facebook users submitted valid claims in the class-action lawsuit settlement with the social media giant. Mass Tort Lawsuits. m. Home;. Lotrimin & Tinactin Lawsuit. Brazilian hair straightening#Class action lawsuits. Plaintiffs say the drug manufacturer failed to warn them of these issues. The lawsuits. The Tasigna lawsuits allege the prescription drug can cause arterial blockages leading to strokes, heart attacks, and fatalities in some patients. Shampoo Lawsuit. Bayer has announced a $1. It is one of the most prominent treatment drugs for CML, which is a slow growing cancer that affects bone marrow and red blood cells. for coordinated or consolidated proceedings. 55 EDT. Tasigna side effects. Shampoo Lawsuit. Under the privacy law, companies may be required to pay up to $5,000 per violation. DUI Lawyer Support. The Law Commission of Ontario estimates there have been approximately 1,500 class-action lawsuits launched in Ontario in the last 20 years and that in recent years, about 100 are initiated. The CPAP MDL Judge (Hon. Defendant (s)Blizzard Entertainment#StarCraft privacy lawsuit. Infection. Tasigna lawsuit numbers continue to grow after a link was established between the drug used to treat Philadelphia-chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and arteriosclerosis in a published study. The chronic myeloid leukemia treatment known as Tasigna is a popular cancer drug. DESCRIPTION. 6 billion dollar settlement covering 90% of pending Essure lawsuits in the United States. /PRNewswire/ -- A man from Vancouver, Washington has filed a new Tasigna lawsuit accusing Novartis AG of failing to warn patients and doctors that the leukemia. Following the FDA's warning concerning statins side effects in 2012, Lipitor lawsuits quickly grew in numbers. Tasigna lawsuits claim the drug causes extreme side effects like bleeding, birth defects, long QT syndrome, cardiovascular events, and even sudden death. . If. Pending Class Action Settlements; Open Lawsuits; Legal News. Rheem Air Conditioning. Lawsuits by Brand; Start a Class Action; acuerdos abiertos de demanda colectiva;. , et al. Those who bought cars manufactured by Kia’s parent company, Hyundai, are also eligible to join the lawsuits, given many of the Hyundai models from the same years share the same potential defects. Tasigna lawsuits for Chicago residents will not be class action lawsuits in which those who file a claim can expect only a small, symbolic settlement. In 2017, at least 97% of claimants opted into a $358 million Benicar lawsuit settlement offered by Daiichi Sankyo, Inc. Federal Lipitor Lawsuits (MDL 2502)The second class-action lawsuit was filed in the District of Minnesota by Joseph McLean and five others from various states. many of the Chantix lawsuits appear to have been consolidated into a class-action lawsuit. New data show therapy reduced risk of hospitalizations and death by 87 percent - Second. This week, Whirlpool Corporation agreed to a deal worth approximately $21 million to end a proposed class action lawsuit filed over an alleged drain tube defect in certain French-door, bottom-mount refrigerators, i. News Recent research suggests that leukemia patients could face a risk for Tasigna cardiovascular disease beyond what is indicated on the drug's warning label. Mirena lawsuits claim the birth control device causes serious side effects. Johnson & Johnson is a huge company that makes a wide variety of health-related products: Medical devices including surgical tools and implants (like artificial knee and hip joints) Over-the-counter and prescription medications like Benadryl, Invokana, Rogaine and Tylenol. This is a serious complication that can lead to fatal cardiac complications such as a stroke or heart attack. D. Belviq Cancer. Home;. 2 million. Tasigna Lawsuits Mounting in U. Those who bought cars manufactured by Kia’s parent company, Hyundai, are also eligible to join the lawsuits, given many of the Hyundai models from the same years share the same potential defects. Severe Xarelto Side Effects. Seeking a best Tasigna heart disease class action attorney? Call us NOW at (773) 985-5159 for more about your legal options for compensation. Español; International News. Tasigna cardiac side effects have become the subject of recent concern in the medical community and patient population, with close to a dozen studies alleging an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Mass Tort Lawsuits. 8:20-cv-01584 (C. Conservice hasn’t admitted any wrongdoing but agreed to a $2. In October 2017, after the settlement was announced, MDL 2329 was closed to new cases. The class action alleged that individuals whose homes were installed with 8500/3500 single hung windows experienced moisture and water intrusion, which led to mold and mineral. The reason for this figure goes back to the. Some of these cases settled in 2018 for $2. . The man was prescribed Tasigna in 2012, and by September of the following year, he. . At this time, there are no significant class action lawsuits or multidistrict litigation for lisinopril. Novartis AG, et al. The earlier you file a lawsuit, the better chance you have of receiving a payout. DUI Lawyer Support. Call us at 800-959-1444 or email us with the online form below. Medically Fact Checked. In general, Tasigna lawsuits are filed individually by each plaintiff and are not class actions. Taxotere Lawsuit. Many persons affected by Tasigna side effects wonder if filing a Tasigna lawsuit against Novartis will result in meaningful compensation for their family. Noticias del. A class action lawsuit groups together similar cases under one plaintiff or a lead representative. On the contrary, lawyers handling spray foam lawsuits believe persons and family members of persons who have suffered from exposure to formaldehyde and other harmful substances in spray-foam insulation. In this issue of the Legal Look, we are covering a would-be Roundup class action lawsuit in Wisconsin that was denied certification, the expansion of recalls over carcinogen-tainted blood pressure medications, four talcum powder lawsuits heading to trial, and the case of a man who had his prostate removed after being misdiagnosed with. English. 4-fold, 1.